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　　Levels 30 Sapphire
　　Key learning Area Social Science
　　Theme Arctic events

　　Title How the Northem Lights Occur
　　Text Type Explanation
　　Pages 2–9
　　Text Form Article in a science journal
　　Genre Non-fiction
　　Purpose To explain how or why something occurs

　　Text Structure
　　Identifying Statement: Tells what is to be explained (Page 2)
　　Explanation Sequence: Explains a series of events or cause and effect (Pages 3–8)
　　Summary Statement: Draws all the information together (Pages 8–9)

　　Language Features
　　‧Nouns (e.g. Arctic Circle, particles, magnet)
　　‧Pronouns (e.g. they)
　　‧Adjectives (e.g. giant, smooth)
　　‧Present tense verbs (e.g. flows, blows)
　　‧Adverbs (e.g. most often, downwards)
　　‧Adverbial phrases (e.g. as a blaze of colour, in the night sky)
　　‧Conjunctions/Text connectives (e.g. when)

　　Title The Iditarod Sled Dog Race
　　Text Type Recount
　　Pages 10–16
　　Text Form Blog
　　Genre Non-fiction
　　Purpose To retell and evaluate events and experiences

　　Text Structure
　　Orientation: Provides information about who, where and when (Page 10)
　　Sequence of Events: Presents events in chronological order (Pages 11–15)
　　Personal Comment: Evaluates the events that took place (Page 16)

　　Language Features
　　‧Nouns (e.g. Alaska, barriers)
　　‧Pronouns (e.g. I, we, they)
　　‧Adjectives (e.g. essential, enthusiastic)
　　‧Past tense verbs (e.g. bellowed, cheered)
　　‧Adverbs (e.g. Recently, behind, eagerly)
　　‧Adverbial phrases (e.g. along the snow-covered street)
　　‧Time and sequence words (e.g. As the start time ticked down towards ten o'clock)